Little Red Riding Hood
The story revolves around a girl called Little Red Riding Hood. In Grimms' and Perrault's versions of the tale, she is named after her magical red hooded cape/cloak that she wears. The girl walks through the woods to deliver food to her sickly grandmother (wine and cake depending on the translation). In the Grimms' version, her mother had ordered her to stay strictly on the path.
A Big Bad Wolf wants to eat the girl and the food in the basket. He secretly stalks her behind trees, bushes, shrubs, and patches of little and tall grass. He approaches Little Red Riding Hood, and she naïvely tells him where she is going. He suggests that the girl pick some flowers, which she does. In the meantime, he goes to the grandmother's house and gains entry by pretending to be the girl. He swallows the grandmother whole (in some stories, he locks her in the closet) and waits for the girl, disguised as the grandma.
When the girl arrives, she notices that her grandmother looks very strange. Little Red then says, "What a deep voice you have!" ("The better to greet you with", responds the wolf), "Goodness, what big eyes you have!" ("The better to see you with", responds the wolf), "And what big hands you have!" ("The better to hug/grab you with", responds the wolf), and lastly, "What a big mouth you have" ("The better to eat you with!", responds the wolf), at which point the wolf jumps out of bed and eats her up too. Then he falls asleep. In Charles Perrault's version of the story (the first version to be published), the tale ends here. However, in later versions the story continues generally as follows:
A woodcutter in the French version, but a hunter in the Brothers Grimm and traditional German versions, comes to the rescue and with his ax cuts open the sleeping wolf. Little Red Riding Hood and her grandmother emerge unharmed. They then fill the wolf's body with heavy stones. The wolf awakens and tries to flee, but the stones cause him to collapse and die. Sanitized versions of the story have the grandmother locked in the closet instead of eaten and some have Little Red Riding Hood saved by the lumberjack as the wolf advances on her rather than after she is eaten where the woodcutter kills the wolf with his ax.[4]
The tale makes the clearest contrast between the safe world of the village and the dangers of the forest, conventional antitheses that are essentially medieval, though no written versions are as old as that.[citation needed] It also warns about the dangers of not obeying one's mother (at least in the Grimms' version).[citation needed]
Relationship to other tales[edit]
A very similar story also belongs to the North African tradition, namely in Kabylia, where a number of versions are attested.[6] The theme of the little girl who visits her (grand-)dad in his cabin and is recognized by the sound of her bracelets constitutes the refrain of a well-known song by the modern singer Idir, A Vava Inouva:
|
The theme of the ravening wolf and of the creature released unharmed from its belly is also reflected in the Russian tale Peter and the Wolf[citation needed] and another Grimm tale The Wolf and the Seven Young Kids,[citation needed] but its general theme of restoration is at least as old as the biblical story, Jonah and the Whale.[citation needed] The theme also appears in the story of the life of Saint Margaret, wherein the saint emerges unharmed from the belly of a dragon,[citation needed] and in the epic "The Red Path" by Jim C. Hines.[citation needed]
The story displays many similarities to stories from classical Greece and Rome. Scholar Graham Anderson has compared the story to a local legend recounted by Pausanias in which, each year, a virgin girl was offered to a malevolent spirit dressed in the skin of a wolf, who raped the girl. Then, one year, the boxer Euthymos came along, slew the spirit, and married the girl who had been offered up as a sacrifice.[8]There are also a number of different stories recounted by Greek authors involving a woman named Pyrrha (literally "Fire") and a man with some name meaning "wolf".[9] The Roman poet Horace alludes to a tale in which a male child is rescued alive from the belly of Lamia, a female ogress in classical mythology.[10]
The dialogue between the Big Bad Wolf and Little Red Riding Hood has its analogies to the Norse Þrymskviða from the Elder Edda; the giant Þrymr had stolen Mjölner, Thor's hammer, and demanded Freyjaas his bride for its return. Instead, the gods dressed Thor as a bride and sent him. When the giants note Thor's unladylike eyes, eating, and drinking, Loki explains them as Freyja's not having slept, or eaten, or drunk, out of longing for the wedding.[11]
◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎
第一級 第二級 第三級 第四級 第五級 第六級
Little Red Riding Hood
Little Red Riding Hood
Little Red Riding Hood, illustrated in a 1927 story anthology
The story revolves around a girl called Little Red Riding Hood. In Grimms' and Perrault's versions of the tale, she is named after her magical red hooded cape/cloak thatshe wears. The girl walks through the woods to deliver food to her sickly grandmother (wine and cake depending on the translation). In the Grimms' version, her motherhad ordered her to stay strictly on the path.
A Big Bad Wolf wants to eat the girl and the food in the basket. He secretly stalks her behind trees, bushes, shrubs, and patches of little and tall grass. He approachesLittle Red Riding Hood, and she naïvely tells him where she is going. He suggests that the girl pick some flowers, which she does. In the meantime, he goes to thegrandmother's house and gains entry by pretending to be the girl. He swallows the grandmother whole (in some stories, he locks her in the closet) and waits for the girl, disguised as the grandma.
Gustave Doré's engraving of the scene: "She was astonished to see how her grandmother looked"
When the girl arrives, she notices that her grandmother looks very strange. Little Red then says, "What a deep voice you have!" ("The better to greet you with", respondsthe wolf), "Goodness, what big eyes you have!" ("The better to see you with", responds the wolf), "And what big hands you have!" ("The better to hug/grab you with", responds the wolf), and lastly, "What a big mouth you have" ("The better to eat you with!", responds the wolf), at which point the wolf jumps out of bed and eats her uptoo. Then he falls asleep. In Charles Perrault's version of the story (the first version to be published), the tale ends here. However, in later versions the story continuesgenerally as follows:
A woodcutter in the French version, but a hunter in the Brothers Grimm and traditional German versions, comes to the rescue and with his ax cuts open the sleeping wolf. Little Red Riding Hood and her grandmother emerge unharmed. They then fill the wolf's body with heavy stones. The wolf awakens and tries to flee, but the stones causehim to collapse and die. Sanitized versions of the story have the grandmother locked in the closet instead of eaten and some have Little Red Riding Hood saved by thelumberjack as the wolf advances on her rather than after she is eaten where the woodcutter kills the wolf with his ax.[4]
"Little Red Riding Hood" illustration by Arthur Rackham.[5]
The tale makes the clearest contrast between the safe world of the village and the dangers of the forest, conventional antitheses that are essentially medieval, though nowritten versions are as old as that.[citation needed] It also warns about the dangers of not obeying one's mother (at least in the Grimms' version).[citation needed]
Relationship to other tales[edit]
A very similar story also belongs to the North African tradition, namely in Kabylia, where a number of versions are attested.[6] The theme of the little girl who visits her(grand-)dad in his cabin and is recognized by the sound of her bracelets constitutes the refrain of a well-known song by the modern singer Idir, A Vava Inouva:
‘I beseech you, open the door for me, father.
Jingle your bracelets, oh my daughter Ghriba.
I’m afraid of the monster in the forest, father.
I, too, am afraid, oh my daughter Ghriba.’[7]
The theme of the ravening wolf and of the creature released unharmed from its belly is also reflected in the Russian tale Peter and the Wolf[citation needed] and anotherGrimm tale The Wolf and the Seven Young Kids,[citation needed] but its general theme of restoration is at least as old as the biblical story, Jonah and the Whale.[citation needed] The theme also appears in the story of the life of Saint Margaret, wherein the saint emerges unharmed from the belly of a dragon,[citation needed] and in the epic"The Red Path" by Jim C. Hines.[citation needed]
The story displays many similarities to stories from classical Greece and Rome. Scholar Graham Anderson has compared the story to a local legend recounted by Pausanias in which, each year, a virgin girl was offered to a malevolent spirit dressed in the skin of a wolf, who raped the girl. Then, one year, the boxer Euthymos came along, slewthe spirit, and married the girl who had been offered up as a sacrifice.[8] There are also a number of different stories recounted by Greek authors involving a womannamed Pyrrha (literally "Fire") and a man with some name meaning "wolf".[9] The Roman poet Horace alludes to a tale in which a male child is rescued alive from the bellyof Lamia, a female ogress in classical mythology.[10]
The dialogue between the Big Bad Wolf and Little Red Riding Hood has its analogies to the Norse Þrymskviða from the Elder Edda; the giant Þrymr had stolen Mjölner, Thor's hammer, and demanded Freyja as his bride for its return. Instead, the gods dressed Thor as a bride and sent him. When the giants note Thor's unladylike eyes, eating, and drinking, Loki explains them as Freyja's not having slept, or eaten, or drunk, out of longing for the wedding.
| 序號 | 英文 | 級數 | 中文 |
| 1 | advances | 第二級 | advance(推進;提升;貸(款)) 的第三人稱單數現在式; advance(前進;發展;預付) 的複數 |
| 2 | alive | 第二級 | [形容詞] 活著的;活躍的 |
| 3 | analogies | 第六級 | analogy(相似;類推;類比) 的複數 |
| 4 | approaches | 第三級 | approach(接近,靠近) 的第三人稱單數現在式; approach(靠近;方法,門徑) 的複數 |
| 5 | arrives | 第二級 | arrive(到達) 的第三人稱單數現在式 |
| 6 | asleep | 第二級 | [形容詞] 睡著的 |
| 7 | astonished | 第五級 | [形容詞] 驚訝的;驚愕的; astonish(使吃驚,使驚訝) 的過去式及過去分詞 |
| 8 | authors | 第三級 | author(開創,發起;著作,編寫) 的第三人稱單數現在式; author(作者;作家) 的複數 |
| 9 | awakens | 第三級 | awaken(醒;覺醒;喚起) 的第三人稱單數現在式 |
| 10 | ax | 第三級 | [動詞] 用斧劈;解雇; [名詞] 斧 |
| 11 | belly | 第三級 | [名詞] 腹部 |
| 12 | boxer | 第五級 | [名詞] 拳擊手;拳師;拳師狗 |
| 13 | bracelets | 第四級 | bracelet(手鐲;臂鐲) 的複數 |
| 14 | bride | 第三級 | [名詞] 新娘 |
| 15 | bushes | 第三級 | bush(灌木) 的複數 |
| 16 | cabin | 第三級 | [名詞] 客艙 |
| 17 | cape | 第四級 | [名詞] 岬,海角 |
| 18 | classical | 第三級 | [形容詞] 古典的 |
| 19 | closet | 第二級 | [名詞] 壁櫥;衣櫥 |
| 20 | collapse | 第四級 | [動詞] 倒塌; [名詞] 倒塌 |
| 21 | compared | 第二級 | [形容詞] 比較的;對照的; compare(比較) 的過去式及過去分詞 |
| 22 | constitutes | 第四級 | constitute(構成,組成) 的第三人稱單數現在式 |
| 23 | contrast | 第四級 | [動詞] 使對比,使對照; [名詞] 對比,對照 |
| 24 | conventional | 第四級 | [形容詞] 習慣的,慣例的 |
| 25 | creature | 第三級 | [名詞] 生物;動物 |
| 26 | deliver | 第二級 | [動詞] 遞送;發表,講;給……接生 |
| 27 | demanded | 第四級 | demand(要求,請求) 的過去式及過去分詞 |
| 28 | depending | 第二級 | depend(依賴) 的現在分詞 |
| 29 | dialogue | 第三級 | [名詞] 對話;交談 |
| 30 | disguised | 第四級 | disguise(掩飾,隱瞞) 的過去式及過去分詞 |
| 31 | displays | 第二級 | display(陳列;展出) 的第三人稱單數現在式; display(展覽,陳列) 的複數 |
| 32 | dragon | 第二級 | [名詞] 龍 |
| 33 | dressed | 第二級 | [形容詞] 穿好衣服的;打扮好的; dress(穿著) 的過去式及過去分詞 |
| 34 | drunk | 第三級 | [形容詞] 喝醉(酒)的;陶醉的,興奮的; drink(喝) 的過去分詞; [名詞] 醉漢,酒鬼;酒宴,鬧飲 |
| 35 | edit | 第三級 | [動詞] 編輯;校訂 |
| 36 | elder | 第二級 | [形容詞] 年紀較長的; old(年老的) 的比較級; [名詞] 長輩 |
| 37 | emerge | 第四級 | [動詞] 浮現;出現 |
| 38 | emerges | 第四級 | emerge(浮現;出現) 的第三人稱單數現在式 |
| 39 | entry | 第三級 | [名詞] 進入,入場;入口 |
| 40 | essentially | 第四級 | essential(必要的;實質的) 的衍生的副詞; [副詞] 實質上 |
| 41 | explains | 第二級 | explain(解釋) 的第三人稱單數現在式 |
| 42 | female | 第二級 | [形容詞] 女性的; [名詞] 雌性動物 |
| 43 | flee | 第四級 | [動詞] 逃離;逃避 |
| 44 | gains | 第二級 | gain(得到;增進) 的第三人稱單數現在式; gain(獲得;增加;獲利;收益) 的複數 |
| 45 | general | 第二級 | [形容詞] 普遍的; [名詞] 將軍 |
| 46 | giant | 第二級 | [形容詞] 巨大的; [名詞] 巨人 |
| 47 | giants | 第二級 | giant(巨人) 的複數 |
| 48 | grab | 第三級 | [動詞] 攫取,抓取; [名詞] 攫取,霸佔 |
| 49 | greet | 第二級 | [動詞] 問候;致敬 |
| 50 | hammer | 第二級 | [動詞] 敲打; [名詞] 鎚 |
| 51 | hood | 第五級 | [動詞] 罩上兜帽(或風帽);加罩於; [名詞] 兜帽;風帽;罩;車蓋 |
| 52 | hooded | 第五級 | hood(罩上兜帽(或風帽);加罩於) 的過去式及過去分詞 |
| 53 | however | 第二級 | [副詞] 無論如何,不管怎樣; [連接詞] 然而;不過 |
| 54 | hug | 第三級 | [動詞] 摟抱; [名詞] 緊抱;擁抱 |
| 55 | hunter | 第二級 | [名詞] 獵人 |
| 56 | illustrated | 第四級 | illustrate((用圖,實例等)說明) 的過去式及過去分詞 |
| 57 | illustration | 第四級 | [名詞] 說明,圖解 |
| 58 | instead | 第三級 | [副詞] 反而,卻 |
| 59 | involving | 第四級 | involve(使捲入,連累;牽涉) 的現在分詞 |
| 60 | jingle | 第五級 | [動詞] 發出叮噹聲; [名詞] (鈴、硬幣等金屬的)叮噹聲 |
| 61 | legend | 第四級 | [名詞] 傳說;傳奇故事 |
| 62 | literally | 第六級 | literal(照字面的;原義的;如實的) 的衍生的副詞; [副詞] 逐字地;照字面地;正確地 |
| 63 | local | 第二級 | [形容詞] 本地的; [名詞] 當地居民 |
| 64 | locked | 第二級 | lock(鎖住) 的過去式及過去分詞 |
| 65 | locks | 第二級 | lock(鎖住) 的第三人稱單數現在式; lock(鎖) 的複數 |
| 66 | magical | 第三級 | [形容詞] 魔術的,魔法的 |
| 67 | male | 第二級 | [形容詞] 男性的; [名詞] 雄性動物 |
| 68 | meaning | 第二級 | mean(意指) 的現在分詞; [名詞] 意義 |
| 69 | meantime | 第五級 | [副詞] 其間;同時; [名詞] 其時,其間 |
| 70 | medieval | 第六級 | [形容詞] 中世紀的;中古風的;守舊的 |
| 71 | modern | 第二級 | [形容詞] 現代的 |
| 72 | monster | 第二級 | [名詞] 怪物 |
| 73 | mythology | 第六級 | [名詞] (總稱)神話 |
| 74 | namely | 第四級 | [副詞] 即,那就是 |
| 75 | obeying | 第二級 | obey(服從) 的現在分詞 |
| 76 | offered | 第二級 | offer(提供) 的過去式及過去分詞 |
| 77 | patches | 第五級 | patch(補綴;修補;拼湊) 的第三人稱單數現在式; patch(補釘;補片;貼片) 的複數 |
| 78 | path | 第二級 | [名詞] 小徑;路線 |
| 79 | pick | 第二級 | [動詞] 採收;撿起;選; [名詞] 精華,最好的部分;收穫(量) |
| 80 | poet | 第二級 | [名詞] 詩人 |
| 81 | pretending | 第三級 | pretend(佯裝;假裝) 的現在分詞 |
| 82 | published | 第四級 | publish(出版;發行;刊載) 的過去式及過去分詞 |
| 83 | rather | 第二級 | [副詞] 寧可;頗為 |
| 84 | recognized | 第三級 | recognize(識別;認識;承認) 的過去式及過去分詞 |
| 85 | reflected | 第四級 | reflect(反射;照出,映出) 的過去式及過去分詞 |
| 86 | relationship | 第二級 | [名詞] 關係,關聯;人際關係 |
| 87 | released | 第三級 | release(釋放,解放) 的過去式及過去分詞 |
| 88 | rescue | 第四級 | [動詞] 援救;營救; [名詞] 援救;營救 |
| 89 | rescued | 第四級 | rescue(援救;營救) 的過去式及過去分詞 |
| 90 | responds | 第三級 | respond(作答,回答) 的第三人稱單數現在式 |
| 91 | restoration | 第六級 | [名詞] 恢復;復辟;修復;重建;歸還 |
| 92 | revolves | 第五級 | revolve(旋轉;自轉;以...為中心) 的第三人稱單數現在式 |
| 93 | sacrifice | 第四級 | [動詞] 犧牲;獻出; [名詞] 牲禮,祭品 |
| 94 | saint | 第五級 | [動詞] 使成為聖徒; [名詞] 聖徒;道德崇高的人 |
| 95 | scholar | 第三級 | [名詞] 學者 |
| 96 | secretly | 第二級 | secret(神祕的,奧祕的) 的衍生的副詞 |
| 97 | shrubs | 第五級 | shrub(矮樹;灌木) 的複數 |
| 98 | similar | 第二級 | [形容詞] 相似的 |
| 99 | similarities | 第三級 | similarity(類似;相似) 的複數 |
| 100 | slew | 第五級 | slay(殺死;殺害) 的過去式 |
| 101 | spirit | 第二級 | [名詞] 精神 |
| 102 | stalks | 第六級 | stalk(偷偷靠近;追蹤) 的第三人稱單數現在式; stalk(悄悄的追蹤;莖;柄) 的複數 |
| 103 | stolen | 第二級 | steal(偷竊) 的過去分詞 |
| 104 | strictly | 第二級 | strict(嚴謹的,精確的) 的衍生的副詞 |
| 105 | suggests | 第三級 | suggest(建議) 的第三人稱單數現在式 |
| 106 | swallows | 第二級 | swallow(吞嚥) 的第三人稱單數現在式; swallow(吞嚥;燕子) 的複數 |
| 107 | theme | 第四級 | [名詞] 主題思想;題材 |
| 108 | through | 第二級 | [副詞] 穿過,通過;從頭至尾;(電話)接通; [介系詞] 經過 |
| 109 | tradition | 第二級 | [名詞] 傳統 |
| 110 | traditional | 第二級 | [形容詞] 傳統的 |
| 111 | translation | 第四級 | [名詞] 譯文;譯本 |
| 112 | version | 第六級 | [名詞] 譯文;版本 |
| 113 | versions | 第六級 | version(譯文;版本) 的複數 |
| 114 | very | 第四級 | [形容詞] 正是;恰好是;僅僅; [副詞] 很;非常 |
| 115 | village | 第二級 | [名詞] 村落 |
| 116 | virgin | 第四級 | [形容詞] 未玷污的; [名詞] 處女 |
| 117 | warns | 第三級 | warn(警告) 的第三人稱單數現在式 |
| 118 | wedding | 第二級 | wed(娶;嫁) 的現在分詞; [名詞] 婚禮 |
| 119 | whale | 第二級 | [名詞] 鯨魚; whale(鯨魚) 的複數 |
| 120 | wolf | 第二級 | [名詞] 狼; wolf(狼) 的複數 |
沒有留言:
張貼留言